Only a few state laboratories or other specialized laboratories, including those at CDC, are capable of doing these specialized tests. In fatal cases, nucleic acid amplification, histopathology with immunohistochemistry, and virus culture of biopsy or autopsy tissues can also be positive. Sometimes the virus can be found in blood samples taken early in the illness.
Laboratory diagnosis of yellow fever is generally accomplished by testing of serum to detect virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies. A presumptive diagnosis of yellow fever is often based on the patient’s clinical features, places and dates of travel (if the patient is from a non-endemic country or area), activities, and epidemiologic history of the location where the presumed infection occurred.
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